All you need to Know about Bone Marrow Transplant

All you Need to Know about Bone Marrow Transplant

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A bone marrow transplant is a surgery that helps your body create adequate platelets, white blood cells, or red blood cells to avoid infections, bleeding problems, or anaemia by replacing bone marrow that has been injured or destroyed various bodily conditions or treatments. Blood stem cells are transplanted into the bone marrow, where they continue to create new blood cells and new marrow. Being an elaborate procedure, you must get the Bone Marrow Transplant in India only from the reputed health providers.

What are the Symptoms?

When a person’s marrow isn’t healthy enough to function correctly, bone marrow transplants are performed. This could occur as a result of long-term infections, or cancer treatments. The following conditions can can lead to bone marrow transplant – 

 

  • Sickle cell anaemia is an inherited blood condition that causes red blood cells to be malformed.
  • Plastic anaemia is a condition in which the bone marrow ceases producing new blood cells as a result of chemotherapy for diseases of the bone marrow, such as leukaemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma.
  • Congenital neutropenia is a hereditary condition that results in recurrent infections.
  • Thalassemia is an inherited blood illness in which the body produces an abnormal form of haemoglobin, which is an important component of red blood cells.

Pre Procedure of Bone Marrow Transplant

Several tests will be performed prior to your transplant to determine the sort of bone marrow cells you require. The bone marrow transplant cost in India is an expensive procedure but when you get it done from the experts, the chances of a better living is definitely possible.  

Before you acquire new stem cells, your doctor may propose several medicines such as radiation or chemotherapy to eliminate all cancer cells or marrow cells.

The pre-transplant time can be as long as a week where you will be explained about the entire process. The pre-transplant stage is marked by the determination of the right type of transplant to be performed and, if necessary, the identification of a suitable donor.

What happens in the Procedure?

Before the actual bone marrow transplant, the patient is given general anaesthesia so that the surgeon can remove the cells quickly and painlessly by putting needles around his or her pelvic bone. The patient’s cells are diagnosed is they are clean and healthy before preserving them till the transplant.

You’ll have the transplant, which is similar to a blood transfusion, when your doctor feels you’re ready. Bone marrow cells from the donor will be extracted a day or two before the procedure if the patient is having an allogeneic transplant. If the patient’s own cells are needed, the stem cell bank will be contacted.

A needle will be used to collect cells from both hip bones. From the stem cells injection to reaching the bone marrow and creating healthy cells, the complete BMT operation takes about 3 to 4 hours. Engraftment is the term for this procedure.

Post-Procedure 

The success percentage of a bone marrow transplant is largely determined by how similarly the donor and recipient are genetically related, and finding a suitable match among unrelated donors might be challenging in some situations. Your doctor will frequently monitor the state of engraftment after the treatment is completed. After the initial transplant, it will typically take 10 to 28 days to complete. The first positive indicator of engraftment is the rise in the count of WBCs.

Risk & Complications

  • Some of the common  complications include – 
  • Rashes or blisters
  • Appetite changes
  • Diarrhea
  • Bloating
  • Jaundice
  • Issues with urine and stool

Sometimes, the graft-versus-host diseases can be a long-lasting condition when there can be signs of –

  • Troubled breathing
  • Persistent cough
  • Joint pain
  • Mouth sores
  • Dry eyes

 

   Bone Marrow Transplant Treatment

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